AU Core Profiles for Observation

The following core profiles for the Observation resource have been defined. If implementations use an Observation resource when expressing profile-specific concepts as structured data, they SHOULD conform to the following profiles:

• AU Core Assertion of No Relevant Finding.
• AU Core Biological Sex Assigned at Birth.
• Diagnostics: AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation, AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation, AU Core Lipid Result, AU Core Pathology Result Observation.
• Pregnancy: AU Core Estimated Date of Delivery, AU Core Gestational Age, AU Core Gravidity, AU Core Last Menstrual Period, AU Core Parity, AU Core Pregnancy Status.
• Social history: AU Core Alcohol Status, AU Core Health Program Participation Summary, AU Core Smoking Cease Date, AU Core Smoking Start Date, AU Core Smoking Status.
• Vital signs: AU Core Blood Pressure, AU Core BMI, AU Core Body Height, AU Core Body Temperature, AU Core Body Weight, AU Core Head Circumference, AU Core Heart Rate, AU Core Oxygen Saturation, AU Core Respiration Rate, AU Core Vitals Panel, AU Core Waist Circumference.

Usage scenarios

The following are supported usage scenarios for this profile:

• Query for observations about a associated with a patient
• Record or update an observation about a patient

Profile specific implementation guidance

TBD

• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended +
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type)
subject		1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
performer	S	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
au-core-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	Σ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
au-core-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	Σ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	ΣTU	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended +
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type)
subject		1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
performer	S	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
au-core-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	Σ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
au-core-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions au-core-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
category	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
subject	Σ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	ΣTU	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	0..1	Reference(AU Core Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed au-core-obs-01: Date shall be at least to day
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..*	Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization | AU Core Patient | AU Core RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	Σ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes
Observation.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
Observation.component.code	example	LOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-01	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 2 elements
Must-Support: 9 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• AU Core Patient (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-patient)
• AU Core Encounter (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-encounter)
• AU Core Practitioner (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-practitioner)
• AU Core PractitionerRole (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-practitionerrole)
• AU Core Organization (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-organization)
• AU Core RelatedPerson (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-relatedperson)

Maturity: 0

Below is an overview of the mandatory and optional search parameters. FHIR search operations and the syntax used to describe the interactions is described here.

Mandatory Search Parameters

The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHALL be supported:

Optional Search Parameters

The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHOULD be supported: