AU Core Implementation Guide
0.1.0-draft - Draft
This page is part of the AU Core Implementation Guide 0.1.0 Draft. It is based on AU Base 4.1.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions
Official URL: http://hl7.org.au/fhir/core/StructureDefinition/au-core-diagnosticreport | Version: 0.1.0-draft | |||
Standards status: Draft | Maturity Level: 0 | Computable Name: AUCoreDiagnosticReport | ||
Copyright/Legal: HL7 Australia© 2018+; Licensed Under Creative Commons No Rights Reserved. |
This profile sets minimum expectations for a DiagnosticReport resource to record, search, and fetch diagnostic reports associated with a patient. It is based on the AU Base Diagnostic Report profile and identifies the additional mandatory core elements, extensions, vocabularies and value sets that SHALL be present in the DiagnosticReport when conforming to this profile. It provides the floor for standards development for specific uses cases in an Australian context.
The following are supported usage scenarios for this profile:
DiagnosticReport.category
provides an efficient way of supporting system interactions, e.g. restricting searches. Implementers need to understand that data categorisation is somewhat subjective. The categorisation applied by the source may not align with a receiver’s expectations.DiagnosticReport.conclusion
or a set of codes with DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode
.
DiagnosticReport.conclusion
or a set of codes with DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode
.
Usage:
Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.
This structure is derived from AUBaseDiagnosticReport
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report |
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order |
status | S | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) |
category | S | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name |
subject | S | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient |
effective[x] | SC | 1..1 | dateTime, Period | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day |
issued | S | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time |
performer | S | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service |
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations |
reference | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL | |
media | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report |
link | S | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source |
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results |
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results |
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet |
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 |
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-01 | error | DiagnosticReport | The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm : result.exists() or presentedForm.exists() | |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report |
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) |
category | SΣ | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 (preferred) |
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient |
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day | |
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||
issued | SΣ | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time |
performer | SΣ | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service |
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations |
reference | ΣC | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL |
media | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
link | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source |
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results |
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 (preferred) |
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet |
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 |
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes |
DiagnosticReport.code | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 |
DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-01 | error | DiagnosticReport | The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm : result.exists() or presentedForm.exists() | |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm | ||||
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact | ||||
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource | ||||
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created | ||||
language | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
| |||||
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation | |||||
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored | ||||
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report | ||||
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order | ||||
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) | ||||
category | SΣ | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 (preferred) | ||||
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient | ||||
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Health care event when test ordered | ||||
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day | |||||
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||||||
issued | SΣ | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time | ||||
performer | SΣ | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service | ||||
resultsInterpreter | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam) | Primary result interpreter | ||||
specimen | 0..* | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimens this report is based on | |||||
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
reference | ΣC | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL | ||||
type | Σ | 0..1 | uri | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). | ||||
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known | ||||
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Text alternative for the resource | ||||
imagingStudy | 0..* | Reference(ImagingStudy) | Reference to full details of imaging associated with the diagnostic report | |||||
media | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
comment | 0..1 | string | Comment about the image (e.g. explanation) | |||||
link | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source | ||||
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results | ||||
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 (preferred) | ||||
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued | ||||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet | ||||
DiagnosticReport.language | preferred | CommonLanguages
| ||||
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 | ||||
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes | ||||
DiagnosticReport.code | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 | ||||
DiagnosticReport.result.type | extensible | ResourceType | ||||
DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
This structure is derived from AUBaseDiagnosticReport
Summary
Mandatory: 6 elements (1 nested mandatory element)
Must-Support: 15 elements
Structures
This structure refers to these other structures:
Maturity: 0
Differential View
This structure is derived from AUBaseDiagnosticReport
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report |
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order |
status | S | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) |
category | S | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name |
subject | S | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient |
effective[x] | SC | 1..1 | dateTime, Period | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day |
issued | S | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time |
performer | S | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service |
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations |
reference | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL | |
media | S | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report |
link | S | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source |
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results |
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results |
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet |
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 |
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-01 | error | DiagnosticReport | The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm : result.exists() or presentedForm.exists() | |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
Key Elements View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm |
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created |
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report |
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order |
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) |
category | SΣ | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) |
code | SΣ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 (preferred) |
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient |
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day | |
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||
issued | SΣ | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time |
performer | SΣ | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service |
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations |
reference | ΣC | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL |
media | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report |
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized |
link | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source |
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results |
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 (preferred) |
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued |
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet |
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 |
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes |
DiagnosticReport.code | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 |
DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-01 | error | DiagnosticReport | The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm : result.exists() or presentedForm.exists() | |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
Snapshot View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DiagnosticReport | C | 0..* | AUBaseDiagnosticReport | A diagnostic report in an Australian healthcare context au-core-dir-01: The report shall at least have a result or a presentedForm | ||||
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact | ||||
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource | ||||
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created | ||||
language | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
| |||||
text | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation | |||||
contained | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored | ||||
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier, AULocalOrderIdentifier, AULocalReportIdentifier, AUAccessionNumber | Business identifier for report | ||||
basedOn | S | 0..* | Reference(AU Core ServiceRequest) | Diagnostic investigation order | ||||
status | ?!SΣ | 1..1 | code | partial | preliminary | final + Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 (required) | ||||
category | SΣ | 1..* | CodeableConcept | Service category Binding: DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes (extensible) | ||||
code | SΣ | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Diagnostic examination name / study name / group name Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 (preferred) | ||||
subject | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(AU Core Patient) | The subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient | ||||
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Health care event when test ordered | ||||
effective[x] | SΣC | 1..1 | Clinically relevant time/time-period for report au-core-dir-04: Date shall be at least to day | |||||
effectiveDateTime | dateTime | |||||||
effectivePeriod | Period | |||||||
issued | SΣ | 1..1 | instant | Diagnostic report date time | ||||
performer | SΣ | 1..* | Reference(AU Core Practitioner | AU Core PractitionerRole | AU Core Organization) | Responsible Diagnostic Service | ||||
resultsInterpreter | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam) | Primary result interpreter | ||||
specimen | 0..* | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimens this report is based on | |||||
result | SC | 0..* | Reference(AU Core Diagnostic Result Observation | AU Core Diagnostic Imaging Result Observation | AU Core Pathology Result Observation) | Observations | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
reference | ΣC | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL | ||||
type | Σ | 0..1 | uri | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model). | ||||
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known | ||||
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Text alternative for the resource | ||||
imagingStudy | 0..* | Reference(ImagingStudy) | Reference to full details of imaging associated with the diagnostic report | |||||
media | SΣ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Key images associated with this report | ||||
id | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
extension | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations | |||||
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized | ||||
comment | 0..1 | string | Comment about the image (e.g. explanation) | |||||
link | SΣ | 1..1 | Reference(Media) | Reference to the image source | ||||
conclusion | S | 0..1 | string | Clinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results | ||||
conclusionCode | S | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Codes for the clinical conclusion of test results Binding: https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 (preferred) | ||||
presentedForm | SC | 0..* | Attachment | Entire report as issued | ||||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet | ||||
DiagnosticReport.language | preferred | CommonLanguages
| ||||
DiagnosticReport.status | required | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/diagnosticreportstatus-report-available-1 | ||||
DiagnosticReport.category | extensible | DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes | ||||
DiagnosticReport.code | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/evaluation-procedure-1 | ||||
DiagnosticReport.result.type | extensible | ResourceType | ||||
DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode | preferred | https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1 |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
au-core-dir-04 | error | DiagnosticReport.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10 |
This structure is derived from AUBaseDiagnosticReport
Summary
Mandatory: 6 elements (1 nested mandatory element)
Must-Support: 15 elements
Structures
This structure refers to these other structures:
Maturity: 0
Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron
Below is an overview of the mandatory and optional search parameters. FHIR search operations and the syntax used to describe the interactions is described here.
Name | Type | Conformance | Description | Path |
---|---|---|---|---|
TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHALL be supported:
The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHOULD be supported: