AU Base Implementation Guide
4.2.2-ci-build - CI Build Australia flag

This page is part of the Australian Base IG (v4.2.1-preview: QA Preview) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. The current version which supersedes this version is 4.1.0. For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: AUBaseDiagnosticImagingReport - Detailed Descriptions

Page standards status: Trial-use Maturity Level: 1

Definitions for the au-imagingreport resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. DiagnosticReport
ShortA diagnostic imaging report in an Australian healthcare context
2. DiagnosticReport.identifier
Definition

Identifiers assigned to this report by the performer or other systems.

ShortBusiness identifier for report
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
TypeIdentifier(Identifier, AU Local Order Identifier, AU Local Report Identifier, AU Accession Number)
4. DiagnosticReport.basedOn
ShortDiagnostic imaging order
TypeReference(ServiceRequest, AU Base Diagnostic Request, CarePlan)
6. DiagnosticReport.category
ShortRelevant diagnostic imaging category: service, modality and anatomic region of interest
Comments

A category denoting diagnostic imaging service identifies the type of report and supports macro handling of requests is required. A second category to provide the modality should be provided where possible; a value set to support this categorisation is not yet available. A third category to provide the anatomic region of interest should be provided where possible.

Control1..?
8. DiagnosticReport.category.coding
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on DiagnosticReport.category.coding. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ system
  • 10. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest
    Slice NameanatomicRegionOfInterest
    ShortAnatomic Region Of Interest
    BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Imaging Anatomic Region Of Interest .
    (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-anatomic-region-of-interest-1)
    12. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.system
    Control1..?
    Fixed Valuehttp://snomed.info/sct
    14. DiagnosticReport.code
    ShortDiagnostic imaging examination or study
    BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Imaging Procedure .
    (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-procedure-1)
    16. DiagnosticReport.subject
    Control1..?
    TypeReference(Patient)
    18. DiagnosticReport.effective[x]
    ShortTime of imaging examination
    Control1..?
    [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
    20. DiagnosticReport.result
    TypeReference(AU Base Diagnostic Result, AU Base Diagnostic Imaging Result)
    22. DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode
    BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Clinical Finding .
    (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1)

    Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

    0. DiagnosticReport
    Definition

    The findings and interpretation of diagnostic tests performed on patients, groups of patients, devices, and locations, and/or specimens derived from these. The report includes clinical context such as requesting and provider information, and some mix of atomic results, images, textual and coded interpretations, and formatted representation of diagnostic reports.

    ShortA diagnostic imaging report in an Australian healthcare contextA Diagnostic report - a combination of request information, atomic results, images, interpretation, as well as formatted reports
    Comments

    This is intended to capture a single report and is not suitable for use in displaying summary information that covers multiple reports. For example, this resource has not been designed for laboratory cumulative reporting formats nor detailed structured reports for sequencing.

    Control0..*
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate NamesReport, Test, Result, Results, Labs, Laboratory
    Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
    dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
    dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
    dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
    dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
    2. DiagnosticReport.implicitRules
    Definition

    A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

    ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
    Comments

    Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

    Control0..1
    Typeuri
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    4. DiagnosticReport.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    6. DiagnosticReport.identifier
    Definition

    Identifiers assigned to this report by the performer or other systems.

    ShortBusiness identifier for report
    Comments

    Usually assigned by the Information System of the diagnostic service provider (filler id).

    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeIdentifier(Identifier, AU Local Order Identifier, AU Local Report Identifier, AU Accession Number)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Requirements

    Need to know what identifier to use when making queries about this report from the source laboratory, and for linking to the report outside FHIR context.

    Alternate NamesReportID, Filler ID, Placer ID
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    8. DiagnosticReport.basedOn
    Definition

    Details concerning a service requested.

    ShortDiagnostic imaging orderWhat was requested
    Comments

    Note: Usually there is one test request for each result, however in some circumstances multiple test requests may be represented using a single test result resource. Note that there are also cases where one request leads to multiple reports.

    Control0..*
    TypeReference(ServiceRequest, AU Base Diagnostic Request, CarePlan, ImmunizationRecommendation, MedicationRequest, NutritionOrder)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    This allows tracing of authorization for the report and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon.

    Alternate NamesRequest
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    10. DiagnosticReport.status
    Definition

    The status of the diagnostic report.

    Shortregistered | partial | preliminary | final +
    Control1..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from DiagnosticReportStatushttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-report-status|4.0.1
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-report-status|4.0.1)

    The status of the diagnostic report.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Diagnostic services routinely issue provisional/incomplete reports, and sometimes withdraw previously released reports.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    12. DiagnosticReport.category
    Definition

    A code that classifies the clinical discipline, department or diagnostic service that created the report (e.g. cardiology, biochemistry, hematology, MRI). This is used for searching, sorting and display purposes.

    ShortRelevant diagnostic imaging category: service, modality and anatomic region of interestService category
    Comments

    A category denoting diagnostic imaging service identifies the type of report and supports macro handling of requests is required. A second category to provide the modality should be provided where possible; a value set to support this categorisation is not yet available. A third category to provide the anatomic region of interest should be provided where possible.


    Multiple categories are allowed using various categorization schemes. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set. More fine-grained filtering can be performed using the metadata and/or terminology hierarchy in DiagnosticReport.code.

    Control10..*
    BindingFor example codes, see DiagnosticServiceSectionCodeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-service-sections
    (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-service-sections)

    Codes for diagnostic service sections.

    TypeCodeableConcept
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Alternate NamesDepartment, Sub-department, Service, Discipline
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    14. DiagnosticReport.category.coding
    Definition

    A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

    ShortCode defined by a terminology system
    Comments

    Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

    Control0..*
    TypeCoding
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on DiagnosticReport.category.coding. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ system
    • 16. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest
      Slice NameanatomicRegionOfInterest
      Definition

      A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

      ShortAnatomic Region Of InterestCode defined by a terminology system
      Comments

      Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

      Control0..*
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from For codes, see Imaging Anatomic Region Of Interest .
      (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-anatomic-region-of-interest-1)
      TypeCoding
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      18. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.system
      Definition

      The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code.

      ShortIdentity of the terminology system
      Comments

      The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.

      Control10..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol.

      Fixed Valuehttp://snomed.info/sct
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      20. DiagnosticReport.code
      Definition

      A code or name that describes this diagnostic report.

      ShortDiagnostic imaging examination or studyName/Code for this diagnostic report
      Control1..1
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Imaging Procedure .http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/report-codes
      (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-procedure-1)
      TypeCodeableConcept
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Alternate NamesType
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      22. DiagnosticReport.subject
      Definition

      The subject of the report. Usually, but not always, this is a patient. However, diagnostic services also perform analyses on specimens collected from a variety of other sources.

      ShortThe subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient
      Control10..1
      TypeReference(Patient, Group, Device, Location)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      SHALL know the subject context.

      Alternate NamesPatient
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      24. DiagnosticReport.effective[x]
      Definition

      The time or time-period the observed values are related to. When the subject of the report is a patient, this is usually either the time of the procedure or of specimen collection(s), but very often the source of the date/time is not known, only the date/time itself.

      ShortTime of imaging examinationClinically relevant time/time-period for report
      Comments

      If the diagnostic procedure was performed on the patient, this is the time it was performed. If there are specimens, the diagnostically relevant time can be derived from the specimen collection times, but the specimen information is not always available, and the exact relationship between the specimens and the diagnostically relevant time is not always automatic.

      Control10..1
      TypeChoice of: dateTime, Period
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to know where in the patient history to file/present this report.

      Alternate NamesObservation time, Effective Time, Occurrence
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      26. DiagnosticReport.result
      Definition

      Observations that are part of this diagnostic report.

      ShortObservations
      Comments

      Observations can contain observations.

      Control0..*
      TypeReference(AU Base Diagnostic Result, AU Base Diagnostic Imaging Result, Observation)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Need to support individual results, or groups of results, where the result grouping is arbitrary, but meaningful.

      Alternate NamesData, Atomic Value, Result, Atomic result, Data, Test, Analyte, Battery, Organizer
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      28. DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode
      Definition

      One or more codes that represent the summary conclusion (interpretation/impression) of the diagnostic report.

      ShortCodes for the clinical conclusion of test results
      Control0..*
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from For example codes, see Clinical Finding .http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-findings
      (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1)
      TypeCodeableConcept
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

      Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

      0. DiagnosticReport
      Definition

      The findings and interpretation of diagnostic tests performed on patients, groups of patients, devices, and locations, and/or specimens derived from these. The report includes clinical context such as requesting and provider information, and some mix of atomic results, images, textual and coded interpretations, and formatted representation of diagnostic reports.

      ShortA diagnostic imaging report in an Australian healthcare context
      Comments

      This is intended to capture a single report and is not suitable for use in displaying summary information that covers multiple reports. For example, this resource has not been designed for laboratory cumulative reporting formats nor detailed structured reports for sequencing.

      Control0..*
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate NamesReport, Test, Result, Results, Labs, Laboratory
      Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
      dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
      dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
      dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
      dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
      2. DiagnosticReport.id
      Definition

      The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

      ShortLogical id of this artifact
      Comments

      The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

      Control0..1
      Typeid
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      4. DiagnosticReport.meta
      Definition

      The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

      ShortMetadata about the resource
      Control0..1
      TypeMeta
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      6. DiagnosticReport.implicitRules
      Definition

      A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

      ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
      Comments

      Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

      Control0..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      8. DiagnosticReport.language
      Definition

      The base language in which the resource is written.

      ShortLanguage of the resource content
      Comments

      Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
      (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

      A human language.

      Additional BindingsPurpose
      AllLanguagesMax Binding
      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      10. DiagnosticReport.text
      Definition

      A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

      ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
      Comments

      Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

      Control0..1
      TypeNarrative
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      12. DiagnosticReport.contained
      Definition

      These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

      ShortContained, inline Resources
      Comments

      This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

      Control0..*
      TypeResource
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
      14. DiagnosticReport.extension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      16. DiagnosticReport.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      18. DiagnosticReport.identifier
      Definition

      Identifiers assigned to this report by the performer or other systems.

      ShortBusiness identifier for report
      Comments

      Usually assigned by the Information System of the diagnostic service provider (filler id).

      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      Control0..*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeIdentifier(Identifier, AU Local Order Identifier, AU Local Report Identifier, AU Accession Number)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Requirements

      Need to know what identifier to use when making queries about this report from the source laboratory, and for linking to the report outside FHIR context.

      Alternate NamesReportID, Filler ID, Placer ID
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      20. DiagnosticReport.basedOn
      Definition

      Details concerning a service requested.

      ShortDiagnostic imaging order
      Comments

      Note: Usually there is one test request for each result, however in some circumstances multiple test requests may be represented using a single test result resource. Note that there are also cases where one request leads to multiple reports.

      Control0..*
      TypeReference(ServiceRequest, AU Base Diagnostic Request, CarePlan)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      This allows tracing of authorization for the report and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon.

      Alternate NamesRequest
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      22. DiagnosticReport.status
      Definition

      The status of the diagnostic report.

      Shortregistered | partial | preliminary | final +
      Control1..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from DiagnosticReportStatus
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-report-status|4.0.1)

      The status of the diagnostic report.

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Diagnostic services routinely issue provisional/incomplete reports, and sometimes withdraw previously released reports.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      24. DiagnosticReport.category
      Definition

      A code that classifies the clinical discipline, department or diagnostic service that created the report (e.g. cardiology, biochemistry, hematology, MRI). This is used for searching, sorting and display purposes.

      ShortRelevant diagnostic imaging category: service, modality and anatomic region of interest
      Comments

      A category denoting diagnostic imaging service identifies the type of report and supports macro handling of requests is required. A second category to provide the modality should be provided where possible; a value set to support this categorisation is not yet available. A third category to provide the anatomic region of interest should be provided where possible.

      Control1..*
      BindingFor example codes, see DiagnosticServiceSectionCodes
      (example to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/diagnostic-service-sections)

      Codes for diagnostic service sections.

      TypeCodeableConcept
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Alternate NamesDepartment, Sub-department, Service, Discipline
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      26. DiagnosticReport.category.id
      Definition

      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      28. DiagnosticReport.category.extension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on DiagnosticReport.category.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 30. DiagnosticReport.category.coding
        Definition

        A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

        ShortCode defined by a terminology system
        Comments

        Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

        Control0..*
        TypeCoding
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on DiagnosticReport.category.coding. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ system
        • 32. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest
          Slice NameanatomicRegionOfInterest
          Definition

          A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

          ShortAnatomic Region Of Interest
          Comments

          Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

          Control0..*
          BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Imaging Anatomic Region Of Interest .
          (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-anatomic-region-of-interest-1)
          TypeCoding
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          34. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          36. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on DiagnosticReport.category.coding.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 38. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.system
            Definition

            The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code.

            ShortIdentity of the terminology system
            Comments

            The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should reference to some definition that establishes the system clearly and unambiguously.

            Control1..1
            Typeuri
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol.

            Fixed Valuehttp://snomed.info/sct
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            40. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.version
            Definition

            The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured, and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged.

            ShortVersion of the system - if relevant
            Comments

            Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date.

            NoteThis is a business version Id, not a resource version Id (see discussion)
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            42. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.code
            Definition

            A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination).

            ShortSymbol in syntax defined by the system
            Control0..1
            Typecode
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to refer to a particular code in the system.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            44. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.display
            Definition

            A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system.

            ShortRepresentation defined by the system
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            46. DiagnosticReport.category.coding:anatomicRegionOfInterest.userSelected
            Definition

            Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - e.g. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays).

            ShortIf this coding was chosen directly by the user
            Comments

            Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely.

            Control0..1
            Typeboolean
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            48. DiagnosticReport.category.text
            Definition

            A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user.

            ShortPlain text representation of the concept
            Comments

            Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.

            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            50. DiagnosticReport.code
            Definition

            A code or name that describes this diagnostic report.

            ShortDiagnostic imaging examination or study
            Control1..1
            BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Imaging Procedure .
            (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/imaging-procedure-1)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Alternate NamesType
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            52. DiagnosticReport.subject
            Definition

            The subject of the report. Usually, but not always, this is a patient. However, diagnostic services also perform analyses on specimens collected from a variety of other sources.

            ShortThe subject of the report - usually, but not always, the patient
            Control1..1
            TypeReference(Patient)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            SHALL know the subject context.

            Alternate NamesPatient
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            54. DiagnosticReport.encounter
            Definition

            The healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) which this DiagnosticReport is about.

            ShortHealth care event when test ordered
            Comments

            This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests).

            Control0..1
            TypeReference(Encounter)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Links the request to the Encounter context.

            Alternate NamesContext
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            56. DiagnosticReport.effective[x]
            Definition

            The time or time-period the observed values are related to. When the subject of the report is a patient, this is usually either the time of the procedure or of specimen collection(s), but very often the source of the date/time is not known, only the date/time itself.

            ShortTime of imaging examination
            Comments

            If the diagnostic procedure was performed on the patient, this is the time it was performed. If there are specimens, the diagnostically relevant time can be derived from the specimen collection times, but the specimen information is not always available, and the exact relationship between the specimens and the diagnostically relevant time is not always automatic.

            Control1..1
            TypeChoice of: dateTime, Period
            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to know where in the patient history to file/present this report.

            Alternate NamesObservation time, Effective Time, Occurrence
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            58. DiagnosticReport.issued
            Definition

            The date and time that this version of the report was made available to providers, typically after the report was reviewed and verified.

            ShortDateTime this version was made
            Comments

            May be different from the update time of the resource itself, because that is the status of the record (potentially a secondary copy), not the actual release time of the report.

            Control0..1
            Typeinstant
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Clinicians need to be able to check the date that the report was released.

            Alternate NamesDate published, Date Issued, Date Verified
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            60. DiagnosticReport.performer
            Definition

            The diagnostic service that is responsible for issuing the report.

            ShortResponsible Diagnostic Service
            Comments

            This is not necessarily the source of the atomic data items or the entity that interpreted the results. It is the entity that takes responsibility for the clinical report.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Organization, CareTeam)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to know whom to contact if there are queries about the results. Also may need to track the source of reports for secondary data analysis.

            Alternate NamesLaboratory, Service, Practitioner, Department, Company, Authorized by, Director
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            62. DiagnosticReport.resultsInterpreter
            Definition

            The practitioner or organization that is responsible for the report's conclusions and interpretations.

            ShortPrimary result interpreter
            Comments

            Might not be the same entity that takes responsibility for the clinical report.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Organization, CareTeam)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Need to know whom to contact if there are queries about the results. Also may need to track the source of reports for secondary data analysis.

            Alternate NamesAnalyzed by, Reported by
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            64. DiagnosticReport.specimen
            Definition

            Details about the specimens on which this diagnostic report is based.

            ShortSpecimens this report is based on
            Comments

            If the specimen is sufficiently specified with a code in the test result name, then this additional data may be redundant. If there are multiple specimens, these may be represented per observation or group.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(Specimen)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Need to be able to report information about the collected specimens on which the report is based.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            66. DiagnosticReport.result
            Definition

            Observations that are part of this diagnostic report.

            ShortObservations
            Comments

            Observations can contain observations.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(AU Base Diagnostic Result, AU Base Diagnostic Imaging Result)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Need to support individual results, or groups of results, where the result grouping is arbitrary, but meaningful.

            Alternate NamesData, Atomic Value, Result, Atomic result, Data, Test, Analyte, Battery, Organizer
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            68. DiagnosticReport.imagingStudy
            Definition

            One or more links to full details of any imaging performed during the diagnostic investigation. Typically, this is imaging performed by DICOM enabled modalities, but this is not required. A fully enabled PACS viewer can use this information to provide views of the source images.

            ShortReference to full details of imaging associated with the diagnostic report
            Comments

            ImagingStudy and the image element are somewhat overlapping - typically, the list of image references in the image element will also be found in one of the imaging study resources. However, each caters to different types of displays for different types of purposes. Neither, either, or both may be provided.

            Control0..*
            TypeReference(ImagingStudy)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            70. DiagnosticReport.media
            Definition

            A list of key images associated with this report. The images are generally created during the diagnostic process, and may be directly of the patient, or of treated specimens (i.e. slides of interest).

            ShortKey images associated with this report
            Control0..*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Many diagnostic services include images in the report as part of their service.

            Alternate NamesDICOM, Slides, Scans
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            72. DiagnosticReport.media.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            74. DiagnosticReport.media.extension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            76. DiagnosticReport.media.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            78. DiagnosticReport.media.comment
            Definition

            A comment about the image. Typically, this is used to provide an explanation for why the image is included, or to draw the viewer's attention to important features.

            ShortComment about the image (e.g. explanation)
            Comments

            The comment should be displayed with the image. It would be common for the report to include additional discussion of the image contents in other sections such as the conclusion.

            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            The provider of the report should make a comment about each image included in the report.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            80. DiagnosticReport.media.link
            Definition

            Reference to the image source.

            ShortReference to the image source
            Control1..1
            TypeReference(Media)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            82. DiagnosticReport.conclusion
            Definition

            Concise and clinically contextualized summary conclusion (interpretation/impression) of the diagnostic report.

            ShortClinical conclusion (interpretation) of test results
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Need to be able to provide a conclusion that is not lost among the basic result data.

            Alternate NamesReport
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            84. DiagnosticReport.conclusionCode
            Definition

            One or more codes that represent the summary conclusion (interpretation/impression) of the diagnostic report.

            ShortCodes for the clinical conclusion of test results
            Control0..*
            BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from Clinical Finding .
            (preferred to https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/clinical-finding-1)
            TypeCodeableConcept
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            86. DiagnosticReport.presentedForm
            Definition

            Rich text representation of the entire result as issued by the diagnostic service. Multiple formats are allowed but they SHALL be semantically equivalent.

            ShortEntire report as issued
            Comments

            "application/pdf" is recommended as the most reliable and interoperable in this context.

            Control0..*
            TypeAttachment
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Gives laboratory the ability to provide its own fully formatted report for clinical fidelity.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))